LEVEL 5
THREE: LIFE ON EARTH
I. Nature and diversity of living things
311. Characteristics of living things
A. LIFE(10:893-911)
312. Origin of life and evolution of living things
A. Emergence: LIFE(10:900-904)
5. PHYLOGENY(14:376-383)
B. EVOLUTION(7:7-17)
2. a. MUTATION(12:754-756)
3. a. BIOLOGICAL COLORATION(4:911-929)
b. MIMICRY(12:213-220)
c. BIOLOGICAL POLYMORPHISM(14:774-777)
D. SPECIES AND SPECIATION(17:449-455)
E. EVOLUTION(7:17-19)
313. Classification of living things
A. BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION(4:683-691)
B. VIRUS(19:163-172)
C. 2. BACTERIA(2:568-577)
D. 2. ALGAE(1:487-498)
3. SLIME MOLDS(16:883-892)
4. MYCOTA(12:756-768)
5. LICHEN(10:882-888)
6. PROTOZOA(15:120-130)
E. 2. HEPATOPSIDA(8:779-781)
3. BRYOPSIDA(3:351-354)
F. 2. PSILOPSIDA(15:136-137)
3. LYCOPSIDA(11:206-208)
4. SPHENOPSIDA(17:500-501)
5. FERN(7:237-247)
6. GYMNOSPERM(8:518-524)
b. CONIFER(5:1-9)
7. ANGIOSPERM(1:876-885)
a. i. MAGNOLIALES(11:340-344)
ii. LAURALES(10:709-712)
iii. PIPERALES(14:467-468)
iv. ARISTOLOCHIALES(1:1152-1153)
v. NYMPHAEALES(13:428-431)
vi. RANUNCULALES(15:508-511)
vii. PAPAVERALES(13:963-966)
viii. SARRACENIALES(16:252-255)
ix. HAMAMELIDALES(8:578-580)
x. URTICALES(18:1088-1093)
xi. FAGALES(7:139-142)
xii. BETULALES(2:872-875)
xiii. JUGLANDALES(10:329-333)
xiv. CARYOPHYLLALES(3:973-976)
xv. CACTALES(3:573-575)
xvi. THEALES(18:207-212)
xvii. VIOLALES(19:148-150)
xviii. CUCURBITALES(5:362-364)
xix. BEGONIALES(2:801-803)
xx. CAPPARALES(3:801-803)
xxi. SALICALES(16:179-183)
xxii. ERICALES(6:954-957)
xxiii. EBENALES(6:173-176)
xxiv. PRIMULALES(14:1047-1049)
xxv. MALVALES(11:396-399)
xxvi. EUPHORBIALES(6:1027-1030)
xxviii. ROSALES(15:1150-1154)
xxix. FABALES(7:128-132)
xxx. NEPENTHALES(12:958-962)
xxxi. MYRTALES(12:772-776)
xxxii. RUTALES(16:102-106)
xxxiii. SAPINDALES(16:239-244)
xxxiv. GERANIALES(8:1-6)
xxxv. CORNALES(5:174-178)
xxxvi. CELASTRALES(3:1037-1040)
xxxvii. RHAMNALES(15:794-796)
xxxviii. OLEALES(13:556-559)
xxxix. SANTALALES(16:227-230)
xl. DIPSACALES(5:815-818)
xli. GENTIANALES(7:1017-1020)
xlii. POLEMONIALES(14:657-661)
xliii. SCROPHULARIALES(16:412-418)
xliv. LAMIALES(10:619-622)
xlv. CAMPANULALES(3:704-708)
xlvi. ASTERALES(2:213-219)
b. i. ALISMALES(1:576-579)
ii. LILIALES(10:971-976)
iii. IRIDALES(9:890-893)
iv. ZINGIBERALES(19:1150-1154)
v. ORCHIDALES(13:658-656)
vi. BROMELIALES(3:323-327)
vii. POALES(14:584-595)
viii. ARECALES(1:1131-1134)
G. 2. a. MESOZOA(11:1013)
b. PORIFERA(14:848-855)
c. CNIDARIA(4:768-772)
d. CTENOPHORA(5:347-348)
e. PLATYHELMINTHES(14:545-551)
f. NEMERTEA(12:950-951)
g. ACANTHOCEPHALA(1:18-19)
h. ASCHELMINTHES(2:137-143)
i. ENTOPROCTA(6:895-896)
3. a. BRYOZOA(3:354-358)
b. PHORONIDA(14:283)
c. BRACHIOPODA(3:97-100)
4. a. MOLLUSCA(12:325-331)
i. GASTROPODA(7:947-957)
ii. BIVALVIA(2:1085-1091)
iii. CEPHALOPODA(3:1149-1154)
b. SIPUNCULA(16:809-810)
c. ANNELIDA(1:927-937)
d. ECHIURA(6:186-187)
e. ONCOPOD(13:568-570)
H. ARTHROPODA(2:65-70)
2. ARACHNIDA(1:1061-1066)
a. SCORPIONIDA(16:401-403)
b. ARANEIDA(1:1066-1074)
c. ACARINA(1:19-23)
3. CRUSTACEA(5:310-318)
a. BRANCHIOPODA(3:114-116)
b. CIRRIPEDIA(4:641-643)
c. DECAPODA(5:542-549)
4. MYRIAPOD(12:768-772)
5. INSECTA(9:608-621)
a. APTERYGOTE(1:1023-1026)
b. EPHEMEROPTERA(6:903-904)
c. ODONATA(13:507-509)
d. ORTHOPTERAN(13:742-750)
e. ISOPTERA(9:1049-1054)
f. PHTHIRAPTERA(14:373-376)
g. THYSANOPTERA(18:367-369)
h. HETEROPTERA(8:845-852)
i. HOMOPTERA(8:1036-1043)
j. NEUROPTERAN(12:1067-1070)
k. TRICHOPTERA(18:709-710)
1. LEPIDOPTERA(10:820-830)
m. COLEOPTERA(4:828-836)
n. HYMENOPTERA(9:126-133)
o. DIPTERA(5:819-825)
p. SIPHONAPTERA(16:807-809)
I. 1. a. CHAETOGNATHA(4:18-19)
b. ECHINODERMATA(6:178-186)
c. HEMICHORDATA(8:755-756)
d. POGONOPHORA(14:603-604)
2. CHORDATA(4:450-451)
a. TUNICATA(18:738-740)
b. CEPHALOCHORDATA(3:1147-1149)
J. 2. FISH(7:330-344)
a. AGNATHA(1:310-311)
b. PLACODERMI(14:488-490)
c. SELACHII(16:492-500,
3. a. CROSSOPTERYGII(5:296-297)
b. DIPNOI(5:813-815)
c. CHONDROSTEI(4:436-439)
d. HOLOSTEI(8:1011-1013)
e. TELEOSTEI(18:81-82)
i. ELOPIFORMES(6:729-731)
ii. ANGUILLIFORMES(1:898-900)
iii. CLUPEIFORMES(4:762-767)
iv. OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA(13:763-765)
v. SALMONIFORMES(16:185-192)
vi. OSTARIOPHYSI(13:757-763)
vii. PARACANTHOPTERYGII(13:979-982)
viii. ATHERINIFORMES(2:269-274)
ix. GASTEROSTEIFORMES(7:937-939)
x. SCORPAENIFORMES(16:397-401)
xi. PERCIFORMES(14:46-58)
xii. PLEURONECTIFORMES(14:570-571)
xiii. TETRAODONTIFORMES(18:162-164)
4. AMPHIBIA(1:703-706)
a. URODELA(18:1085-1088)
b. ANURA(1:1003-1009)
5. REPTILIA(15:725-739)
a. CHELONIA(4:72-76)
b. RHYNCHOCEPHALIA(15:824)
c. i. SAURIA(16:282-288)
ii. SERPENTES(16:5599-567)
d. CROCODILIA(5:286-289)
6. BIRD(1:1053-1062
a. SPHENISCIFORMES(17:498-500)
b. CASUARIIFORMES(3:994-996)
c. TINAMIFORMES(18:425-426)
d. PODICIPEDIFORMES(14:596-597)
e. PROCELLARIIFORMES(15:14-18)
f. PELECANIFORMES(14:15-20)
g. CICONIIFORMES(4:610-615)
h. ANSERIFORMES(1:938-947)
i. FALCONIFORMES(7:145-152)
j. GALLIFORMES(7:854-857)
k. GRUIFORMES(8:444-449)
1. CHARADRIIFORMES(4:33-42)
m. COLUMBIFORMES(4:931-937)
n. PSITTACIFORMES(15:138-141)
o. CUCULIFORMES(5:358-361)
p. STRIGIFORMES(17:734-737)
q. CAPRIMULGIFORMES(3:806-810)
r. APODIFORMES(1:1012-1015)
s. CORACIIFORMES(5:157-162)
t. PICIFORMES(14:447-452)
u. PASSERIFORMES(13:1052-1066)
7. MAMMALIA(11:401-415)
a. MONOTREMATA(12:384-387)
b. MARSUPIALIA(11:537-545)
c. i. INSECTIVORA(9:622-628)
ii. CHIROPTERA(4:429-436)
iii. EDENTATA(6:298-303)
iv. PRIMATES(14:1014-1030)
v. RODENTIA(15:969-980)
vi. LAGOMORPHA(10:588-591)
vii. WHALE(19:805-810)
viii. CARNIVORA(3:926-944)
ix. PROBOSCIDEA(15:1-4)
x. SIRENIA(16:810-811)
xi. PERISSODACTYLA(14:81-89)
xii. ARTIODACTYLA(2:70-80)
II. Molecular basis of vital processes
321. Chemicals and vital processes
B. 1. CARBOHYDRATE(3:823-832)
2. LIPID(10:1015-1022)
3. PROTEIN(15:81-98)
5. NUCLEIC ACID(13:328-330)
6. BIOLOGICAL COLORATION(4:911-929)
7. ENZYME(6:896-902)
8. VITAMIN(19:488-493)
9. HORMONE(8:1074-1087)
10.a. ALKALOIDS(1:595-607)
b. STEROIDS(17:677-688)
c. ISOPRENOIDS(9:1043-1049)
C. DRUG AND DRUG ACTION(5:1041-1048)
4. c. i. ANESTHETIC(1:866-869)
ii. ANALGESIC(1:717-719)
iii. TRANQUILLIZER(18:595-596)
iv. SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS(16:456-458)
v. NARCOTIC(12:841-844)
vi. STIMULANT(17:692-695)
vii. HALLUCINOGEN(8:557-560)
viii. HISTAMINE AND ANTIHISTAMINES(8:944-945)
5. a. ANTIBIOTIC(1:986-990)
b. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS(4:188-192)
D. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION(1:437-450)
E. 1. ANTISEPTIC AND GERMICIDE(1:995-998)
2. a. PEST CONTROL(14:139-148)
b. WEED CONTROL(19:722-727)
3. POISONOUS ANIMALS AND PLANTS(14:606-617)
322. Metabolism: bioenergetics and biosynthesis
A. PHOTOSYNTHESIS(14:365-373)
B. METABOLISM(11:1022-1048)
323. Vital processes at the molecular level
A. BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE(11:875-884)
B. BIOELECTRICITY(2:998-1000)
C. NERVE IMPULSE(12:968-975)
D. MUSCLE CONTRACTION(12:620-633)
E. BIOLUMINESCENCE(2:1027-1032)
III. Structures and functions of organisms
331. Cellular basis for form and function
A. CELL THEORY AND CLASSIFICATION(3:1058-1063)
B. CELL AND CELL DIVISION(3:1043-1056)
E. FERTILIZATION(7:254-257)
332. Relation of form and function in organisms
A. BIOLOGICAL FORM AND FUNCTION(7:542-547)
B. 2. PLANT TISSUES AND FLUIDS(18:451-455)
C. PLANT ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS(13:726-734)
4. c. PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS(15:719-724)
D. ANIMAL TISSUES AND FLUIDS(18:442-450)
E. ANIMAL ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS(13:722-726)
333. Coordination of vital processes: regulation and integration
A. HOMEOSTASIS(8:1014-1017)
5. ACCLIMATIZATION(1:32-35)
6. DORMANCY(5:958-966)
B. SENSORY RECEPTION(16:545-547)
1. b. i. PHOTORECEPTION(14:353-365)
ii. THERMORECEPTION(18:328-332)
iii. CHEMORECEPTION(4:176-188)
iv. MECHANORECEPTION(11:801-809)
v. SOUND RECEPTION(17:39-51)
C. ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS(6:839-849)
D. NERVES AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS(12:975-992)
E. BIOLOGICAL PERIODICITY(14:69-75)
334. Covering and support
A. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS(9:664-672)
B. SKELETAL SYSTEMS(16:818-830)
C. MUSCLE SYSTEMS(12:637-648)
335. Nutrition: the procurement and processing of nutrients
A. NUTRITION(13:401-407)
B. PHOTOSYNTHESIS(14:365-373)
C. DIGESTION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS(5:780-788)
336. Gas exchange, internal transport, and elimination
A. RESPIRATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS(15:751-763)
B. CIRCULATION AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS(4:618-620)
3. BLOOD AND LYMPH(2:1121-1125)
C. CIRCULATION AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS(4:620-634)
D. PLANT INTERNAL TRANSPORT(14:500-504)
E. ELIMINATION(6:718-721)
F. EXCRETION AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS(7:44-50)
337. Reproduction and sex
A. REPRODUCTION(15:676-679)
B. SEX AND SEXUALITY(16:585-592)
C. PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS(15:716-725)
D. ANIMAL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS(15:702-715)
338. Development: growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis
A. BIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT(5:643-650)
D. PLANT DEVELOPMENT(5:658-671)
2. b. POLLINATION(14:743-747)
3. b. SEED AND FRUIT(16:480-487)
E. ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT(5:625-642)
F. AGING(1:299-304)
5. LIFE-SPAN(10:911-915)
6. DEATH(5:526-529)
G. 1. BIOLOGICAL REGENERATION(15:576-580)
3. BIOLOGICAL MALFORMATION(11:378-380)
5. TISSUE CULTURE(18:438-442)
339. Heredity: the transmission of traits
A. HEREDITY(8:801-819)
C. GENE(7:981-991)
IV. Behavioral responses of organisms
341. Nature and patterns of behavioral responses
A. STEREOTYPED RESPONSE(17:671-676)
2. c. INSTINCT(9:628-630)
3. PHOTOPERIODISM(14:352-353)
B. ANIMAL BEHAVIOR(2:804-814)
342. Development and range of behavioral capacities for individuals/group
A. 1. FEEDING BEHAVIOR(7:207-212)
2. LOCOMOTION(11:15-24)
3. AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR(2:541-543)
4. AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR(1:295-299)
6. REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR(15:679-689)
B. 1. ANIMAL LEARNING(10:731-746)
C. ANIMAL SOCIAL BEHAVIOR(16:933-945)
2. ANIMAL COMMUNICATION(4:1010-1019)
343. Evolution of behavior
V. Biosphere: the world of living things
351. Basic features of the biosphere
A. BIOSPHERE(2:1037-1044)
B. ECOSYSTEM(6:281-285)
2. b. i. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE(14:994-998)
ii. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION(15:378-391)
d. MICROCLIMATES(12:114-121)
352. Community: a collection of interacting populations
A. BIOLOGICAL POPULATION(14:824-838)
5. a. ANIMAL MIGRATION(12:177-184)
B. BIOTIC INTERACTIONS(2:1044-1052)
C. BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY)4:1027-1035)
353. Hazards of life in biosphere: disruptions and death
A. DISEASE(5:837-841)
3. a. iii. GERMFREE LIFE(8:127-131)
c. IMMUNITY(9:247-258)
B. DISEASES OF PLANTS(5:880-895)
C. DISEASES OF ANIMALS(5:863-879)
354. Patterns of life in biosphere
A. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM(18:144-149)
1. c. i. TUNDRA(18:733-736)
ii. FORESTS(7:534-542)
iv. JUNGLES AND RAIN FORESTS(10:336-346)
v. GRASSLANDS(8:280-286)
vi. SCRUBLANDS(16:418-420)
vii. DESERTS(5:615-619)
d. i. POLAR BIOMES(14:655-657)
2. b. i. SOIL ORGANISM(16:1014-1018)
ii. TREE(18:687-692)
B. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM(1:1029-1035)
2. OCEANS AND SEAS(13:497-501)
b. ii. PLANKTON(14:494-496)
3. a. i. LAKES AND LAKE SYSTEMS(10:612-616)
ii. SWAMPS, MARSHES, AND BOGS(17:840-842)
b. i. RIVERS AND RIVER SYSTEMS(15:888-891)
ii. SPRINGS AND WELLS(17:516-519)
4. a. ESTUARIES(6:973-976)
b. COASTAL FEATURES(4:802-807)
C. DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS(5:908-916)
D. BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS(2:1001-1006)
355. Man's place in biosphere
B. BIOSPHERE(2:1042-1044)
3. EUGENICS(6:1023-1026)
C. 1. PLANT AND ANIMAL DOMESTICATION(5:936-941)
2. a. PLANT BREEDING(14:496-500)
3. e. GARDENING(7:901-907)
i. HOUSEPLANT(8:1119-1122)
4. a. ANIMAL BREEDING(1:903-908)
5. c. i. HORSE(8:1088-1092)
f. PET(14:149-152)
i. CAT(3:996-1000)
ii. DOG(5:929-936)
6. b. ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN(19:1160-1163)
c. AQUARIUM(1:1026-1028)
d. BOTANICAL GARDEN(3:63-6
D. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES(5:39-62)
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